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717 and 791
Muslim forces invaded Spain,
Italy and the south
of France under directive to spread their religion.
1094
First by Christian crusade dispatched
from Europe to
recover Jerusalem.
1212
Christian victory at the battle of Al
Uqba in Spain.
1252
St. Louis of France's leads a disastrous campaign in
Egypt.
1492
The fall of Granada and leads to expulsion of Moors
from Spain by
Spanish kings Ferdinand and Isabella.
Ends almost eight centuries of Muslim rule in the south of
Spain,
where caliphs had established a seemingly undefeatable stronghold
and exerted enormous cultural influence on the rest of Western Europe
through their mathematicians, architects, translators and artists.
1526.
The biggest threat to Europe comes when the Ottoman Turks under
Suleyman the Magnificent, who took
Budapest, Hungary.
1529
Suleyman arrived at the gates of Vienna, Austria.
Move galvanized a united reaction of Europe
under emperor Charles V of Germany.
1571
Ottoman Turks were defeated at the battle of Lepanto
Writer Miguel de Cervantes, author of "Don Quixote," lost an
arm.
1683
Muslim forces lifted the siege of Vienna.
1718
Ottomans were defeated by Austria, losing Hungary
under the provisions of the
treaty of Passarowich.
1830
French forces ousted the Muslims who had ruled
Algeria for 313 yrs.
1881
France invaded Tunisia and imposed peace under
the treaty of Bardo.
1860
Mulay Muhammad was defeated by Spain.
1899
Britain invaded.
1901
France occupied Morocco, which became a
protectorate in 1904.
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